The development of PACE has been supported by various NSF grants. PACE1.0 was written by Fang Yao and subsequent major improvements were made by Bitao Liu. The PACE project is coordinated by Hans-Georg Müller and Jane-Ling Wang. Contributors and developers include Kehui Chen, Andrea Gottlieb, Shuang Wu, Alexander Peterson, Hao Ji, Xiongtao Dai, Chun-Jui Chen, Andrew Farris, Wenwen Tao, Xiaoke Zhang, Jinjiang He, Cong Xu, Rona Tang, Wenjing Yang, Jeng-Min Chiou, Joel Dubin, Xiongtao Dai, Yaqing Chen, Jianing Fan.

PACE 2.17 includes the following options for Functional Data Analysis. Numbers [1], [2] etc. refer to the references listed below.

(1) Fitting of both sparsely and densely sampled random functions from noisy measurements by Functional Principal Component Analysis (FPCA), including Spaghetti plots to view the sample of functions (PACE) [1] [2] [5] [10]

(2) Fitting of derivatives for Empirical Dynamics for both sparsely and densely sampled random functions (PACE-DER) [17] [20]

(3) Functional linear regression, fitting functional linear regression models for both sparsely or densely sampled random trajectories, for cases where the predictor is a random function and the response is a scalar or a random function (PACE-REG) [3] [13]

(4) Diagnostics and bootstrap inference for functional linear regression (PACE-REG) [9]

(5) Functional regression models where the responses are random curves and the predictors are covariate vectors by regressing the response principal components on the predictors by separate single index models, which are fitted by semiparametric quasi-likelihood Regression, using the SPQR algorithm (PACE-FQR) [21] [22] [23]

(6) Response-adaptive regression (RARE) for the case where both responses and predictors are sparsely sampled random trajectories (PACE-RARE). A version of RARE is also provided for an alternative implementation of FPCA with mean and covariance updating [24]

(7) Assessing functional dependence and functional correlation for multivariate functional observations through functional singular value decomposition and singular components (PACE-SVD) [25]

(8) Generalized functional linear regression (GFLM), where the response is a scalar generalized variable such as binary or Poisson; can also be used for classification of functional data via binary regression (PACE-GLM) [4] [5] [7]

(9) Functional quadratic and polynomial regression (PACE-QuadReg) for functional predictors and scalar responses [19]

(10) Functional Additive Modeling (FAM), an additive generalization of functional linear regression, for more flexible functional regression modeling, for the case of functional predictors and both functional and scalar responses (PACE-FAM) [12]

(11) Modeling longitudinal data with repeated generalized responses (binary, Poisson etc.), which are derived from a latent Gaussian process by a link function (PACE-GRM) [11]

(12) The functional variance process, a generalization of variance functions useful for functional variance and volatility modeling (PACE-FVP) [6] [30]

(13) Time-synchronization based on iterated pairwise warping (alignment, registration) for both sparsely and densely sampled functions (PACE-WARP) [8] [15] [16]

(14) Conditional functional distances for sparsely sampled functional data, which complement the L² distance and can be used for functional clustering and other distance-based applications (PACE) [14]

(15) Linear dynamic modeling and fitting of a first order stochastic differential equation with varying coefficient functions and smooth drift process to implement empirical dynamics (PACE-DYN) with subpackage DiffEq [18] [20]

(16) Dynamical correlation, a correlation measure for repeatedly observed pairs of random functions (PACE-dynCorr) [26]

(17) Functional quantile regression, i.e., quantile regression for scalar responses and functional predictors, e.g. for functional median regression (PACE-Quantile) [27]

(18) Stringing: Reordering the components of high-dimensional vector data by MDS, thus transforming the high-dimensional vectors into functional data (PACE-Stringing) [28]

(19) Nonlinear dimension reduction and Manifold Learning: perform nonlinear dimension reduction via ISOMAP or Penalized-ISOMAP, using geodesic distances and multidimensionl scaling techniques, and obaining manifold component representations (PACE-Mani) [29]

(20) Volatility: model volatility trajectories for high frequency observations in financial markets. (PACE-Fvola) [6] [30]

(21) Covariate adjusted FPCA for longitudinal data, implementing two methods to accommodate covariate information in FPCA (CaFPCA, standalone package) [31]

(22) Functional single index models for longitudinal data, implementing a new single-index model that reflects the time-dynamic effects of the single index for longitudinal and functional response data. (FSIM, standalone package) [32]

(23) Implementation of two-stage FPCA for repeatedly measured functional data, also useful for functional data in two arguments, especially when the design is sparse in one of the arguments (PACE-repf) [33]

(24) Estimation of the stickiness coefficient for sparsely observed functional data (PACE-stick) [34]

(25) Implementation of data-adaptive nonlinear dynamic differential equations from obseved functional data, a generalization of linear dynamic modeling in (15) above (PACE-nonlindyn) [35]

(26) Functional clustering by k-center method (PACE-kcfc) [36]

If you use the program, please refer to the respective articles below where the core methodology is described.

[1] Yao, F., Müller, H.G., Clifford, A.J., Dueker, S.R., Follett, J., Lin, Y., Buchholz, B., Vogel, J.S. (2003). Shrinkage estimation for functional principal component scores, with application to the population kinetics of plasma folate. Biometrics 59, 676-685. (pdf)

[2] Yao, F., Müller, H.G., Wang, J.L. (2005). Functional data analysis for sparse longitudinal data. J. American Statistical Association 100, 577-590. (pdf)

[3] Yao, F., Müller, H.G., Wang, J.L. (2005). Functional Linear Regression Analysis for Longitudinal Data. Annals of Statistics 33, 2873-2903. (pdf)

[4] Müller, H.G., Stadtmüller, U. (2005). Generalized functional linear models. Annals of Statistics 33, 774-805. (pdf)

[5] Müller, H.G. (2005). Functional modeling and classification of longitudinal data. Scandinavian J. Statistics 32, 223-240. (pdf)

[6] Müller, H.G., Stadtmüller, U., Yao, F. (2006). Functional variance processes. Journal of the American Statistical Association 101, 1007-1018. (pdf)

[7] Leng, X., Müller, H.G. (2006). Classification using functional data analysis for temporal gene expression data. Bioinformatics 22, 68-76. (pdf)

[8] Leng, X., Müller, H.G. (2006). Time ordering of gene co-expression. Biostatistics 7, 569-584. (pdf)

[9] Chiou, J., Müller, H.G. (2007). Diagnostics for functional regression via residual processes. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 51, 4849-4863. (pdf)

[10] Müller, H.G. (2009). Functional modeling of longitudinal data. In: Longitudinal Data Analysis (Handbooks of Modern Statistical Methods), Ed. Fitzmaurice, G., Davidian, M., Verbeke, G., Molenberghs, G., Wiley, New York, 223--252. (pdf)

[11] Hall, P., Müller, H.G., Yao, F. (2008). Modeling sparse generalized longitudinal observations via latent Gaussian processes. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B 70, 703-723. (pdf)

[12] Müller, H.G., Yao, F. (2008). Functional additive models. Journal of the American Statistical Association 103, 426-437. (pdf)

[13] Müller, H.G., Chiou, J.M., Leng, X. (2008). Inferring gene expression dynamics via functional regression analysis. BMC Bioinformatics 9:60. (pdf)

[14] Peng, J., Müller, H.G. (2008). Distance-based clustering of sparsely observed stochastic processes, with applications to online auctions. Annals of Applied Statistics 2, 1056-1077. (pdf)

[15] Tang, R., Müller, H.G. (2008). Pairwise curve synchronization for high-dimensional data. Biometrika 95, 875-889. (pdf)

[16] Tang, R., Müller, H.G. (2009). Time-synchronized clustering of gene expression trajectories. Biostatistics 10, 32-45. (pdf)

[17] Liu, B., Müller, H.G. (2009). Estimating derivatives for samples of sparsely observed functions, with application to on-line auction dynamics. J. American Statistical Association 104, 704-717. (pdf)

[18] Müller, H.G., Yang, W. (2010). Dynamic relations for sparsely sampled Gaussian processes. Test 19, 1-29. (pdf)

[19] Müller, H.G., Yao, F. (2010). Functional quadratic regression. Biometrika 97, 49-64. (pdf)

[20] Müller, H.G., Yao, F. (2010). Empirical dynamics for longitudinal data. Annals of Statistics 38, 3458?486. (pdf)

[21] Chiou, J.M., Müller, H.G., Wang, J.L. (2003). Functional quasi-likelihood regression with smooth random effects. J. Royal Statistical Society B 65, 405-423. (pdf)

[22] Chiou, J.M., Müller, H.G., Wang, J.L. (2004). Functional response models. Statistica Sinica 14, 675-693. (pdf)

[23] Chiou, J., Müller, H.G. (2004). Quasi-likelihood regression with multiple indices and smooth link and variance functions. Scandinavian J. Statistics 31, 367-386. (pdf)

[24] Wu, S., Müller, H.G. (2011). Response-adaptive regression for longitudinal data. Biometrics (pdf )

[25] Yang, W., Müller, H.G., Stadtmüller, U. (2011). Functional singular component analysis. J. Royal Statistical Society B 73, 303?324. (pdf )

[26] Dubin, J., Müller, H.G. (2005). Dynamical correlation for multivariate longitudinal data. J. American Statistical Association 100, 872-881. (pdf)

[27] Chen, K., Müller, H.G. (2011). Conditional quantile analysis when covariates are functions, with application to growth data. J. Royal Statistical Society B 74, 67?9. (pdf)

[28] Chen, K., Chen, K., Müller, H.G., Wang, J.L. (2011). Stringing high-dimensional data for functional analysis. J. American Statistical Association 106, 275-284. (pdf)

[29] Chen, D., Müller, H.G. (2012). Nonlinear manifold representations for functional data. Annals of Statistics 40, 1-29. (pdf)

[30] Müller, H.G., Sen, R., Stadtmüller, U. (2011). Functional Data Analysis for Volatility. J. Econometrics 165, 233-245. (pdf)

[31] Jiang, C.R. and Wang, J.L. (2010): Covariate Adjusted Functional Principal Components Analysis for Longitudinal Data, The Annals of Statistics, 38, 1194-1226. (pdf)

[32] Jiang, C.R. and Wang, J.L. (2011): Functional Single Index Model for Longitudinal Data, The Annals of Statistics, 39, 362-388. (pdf)

[33] Chen, K. and Müller, H.G. (2012). Modeling Repeated Functional Observations, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 107, 1599-1609. (pdf)

[34] Gottlieb, A. and Müller, H.G. (2012). A Stickiness Coefficient for Longitudinal Data, Computational Stat. and Data Analysis, i56, 4000-4010. (pdf)

[35] Verzelen, N., Tao, W. and Müller, H.G. (2012). Inferring Stochastic Dynamics from Functional Data. Biometrika, 99, 533-550. (pdf)

[36] Chiou, J.M. and Li, P.L. (2007). Functional clustering and identifying substructures of longitudinal data[J]. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 69, 679-699. (pdf)